India not only humiliated the People’s Liberation Army in Ladakh, Kashmir, in June 2020, it made it clear to Beijing that it intended to confront the People’s Republic of China’s landbridge via Kashmir to the Indian Ocean, and to outflank it in Central Asia. Beijing responded with substance in Iran.
And what does that mean for the next era of strategic alliances? A new NATO? A new period of diminished cooperation between the US and Mexico, the US and European NATO, and so on?
Perhaps the “experiment” in universal, forced literacy, has been a failure, an historical blip. Literacy is in retreat because of technology and because inquiring minds challenge leadership patterns. Yet intellectual capacity— signified by literacy— determines strategic success. What is to be done?