SOVEREIGNTY
SOVEREIGNTY
PERSONNEL
PERSONNEL
STRATEGY & INTELLIGENCE
Türkiye has established itself as a major strategic force in Africa, and works extensively through front groups controlled by its national intelligence service and a related “private military contractor”, SADAT.
SECURITY, UNREST & WAR
SECURITY, UNREST & WAR
The proliferation of insurrectionist and criminal threats has pushed Nigeria to a decisive, but by no means irretrievable, point. Its options, however, are likely to become more clear after the 2023 election.
DIPLOMACY, ALLIANCES & TREATIES
Mali’s rejection of outside influences spelled a major reverse in Africa for France, the West, and ECOWAS, but it brought no joy for Beijing, or for regional or global governance.