GOVERNANCE & ELECTIONS
GOVERNANCE & ELECTIONS
PERSONNEL
SOVEREIGNTY
PERSONNEL
PERSONNEL
SECURITY, UNREST & WAR
STRATEGY & INTELLIGENCE
Türkiye has established itself as a major strategic force in Africa, and works extensively through front groups controlled by its national intelligence service and a related “private military contractor”, SADAT.
SECURITY, UNREST & WAR
Now the fruits of Africa’s new era of coups are apparent, not just with the coup in Niger, but also with the other recent coups and “non-constitutional” changes of government.
PERSONNEL
DIPLOMACY, ALLIANCES & TREATIES
Mali’s rejection of outside influences spelled a major reverse in Africa for France, the West, and ECOWAS, but it brought no joy for Beijing, or for regional or global governance.
HISTORY
The Horn of Africa is sliding toward a major war which seems likely to rapidly expand to embrace the major powers. The situation has strong parallels to the 1935 Italian invasion of Ethiopia, which began World War II and destroyed the League of Nations.
CRIME & CORRUPTION
A staff estimate on a topic of current significance.